The history of the temple is deeply rooted in the sacred geography of Tamil Nadu. Panchamadevi is believed to be named after Panchavanmadevi, the sister of Emperor Rajaraja Chola. During the Moghul invasion of Kanchipuram, a group of priests safeguarded the idol of Kamakshi Amman and relocated to Panchamadevi, while another group moved to Thanjavur to establish the Bangaru Kamakshi Amman Temple.
Here, amidst the beauty of nature and divinity, the temple was established, and the deity is worshipped in penance form (Tapas Kolam). The presence of temples for five goddesses (Kaliamman, Mariamman, Kamakshi Amman, Pirahananayagi and Sellandiamman) in this village gives the name Panchamadevi